Why we use Buchholz Relay? How it Works?

Buchholz relay is used for the protection of transformers from the faults occurring inside the transformer. Short circuit faults such as inter turn faults, incipient winding faults, and core faults may occur due to the impulse breakdown of the insulating oil or simply the transformer oil.

What is a Buchholz relay?
Buchholz relay is a type of oil and gas actuated protection relay universally used on all oil immersed transformers having rating more than 500 kVA. Buchholz relay is not provided in relays having rating below 500 kVA from the point of view of economic considerations.

Why Buchholz relay is used in transformers?
Buchholz relay is used for the protection of transformers from the faults occurring inside the transformer. Short circuit faults such as inter turn faults, incipient winding faults, and core faults may occur due to the impulse breakdown of the insulating oil or simply the transformer oil. Buchholz relay will sense such faults and closes the alarm circuit.

Working principle
Buchholz relay relies on the fact that an electrical fault inside the transformer tank is accompanied by the generation of gas and if the fault is high enough it will be accompanied by a surge of oil from the tank to the conservator

Whenever a fault occurs inside the transformer, the oil in the transformer tank gets overheated and gases are generated. The generation of the gases depends mainly on the intensity of fault produced. The heat generated during the fault will be high enough to decompose the transformer oil and the gases produced can be used to detect the winding faults. This is the basic principle behind the working of the Buchholz relay.

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